Real Estate Calculators

Closing costs typically run 2–5% of the purchase price for buyers and 6–10% for sellers (including agent commissions). On a $400,000 home, buyers pay $8,000–$20,000 and sellers pay $24,000–$40,000. Costs vary by state — New York and Pennsylvania tend to be higher due to transfer taxes and attorney requirements.

Security deposit limits vary by state. Most states cap deposits at 1–2 months' rent. California limits are 2 months' rent (unfurnished) or 3 months' (furnished). Massachusetts caps at 1 month. Some states — including Texas — have no statutory limit. Landlords must typically return deposits within 14–30 days of move-out.

Eviction timelines range from 3 weeks (in fast-track states like Texas) to 6+ months (in tenant-protective states like New York and California). A typical uncontested eviction takes 30–45 days from notice to lockout. Court filing fees range from $30–$300. COVID-era backlogs have extended timelines in some jurisdictions.

LLC formation costs range from $50 (Kentucky) to $500+ (Massachusetts), plus $0–$800/year in annual fees. California charges an $800 annual franchise tax. LLCs provide liability protection between rental properties and your personal assets, but require separate bank accounts and leases. Some lenders will not finance LLC-owned properties.